The human auditory response to pulses of radiofrequency (RF)
energy, commonly called RF hearing, is a well established
phenomenon. RF induced sounds can be characterized as low
intensity sounds because, in general, a quiet environment is
required for the auditory response. The sound is similar to
other common sounds such as a click, buzz, hiss, knock, or
chirp. Effective radiofrequencies range from 2.4 to 10000
MHz, but an individual's ability to hear RF induced sounds
is dependent upon high frequency acoustic hearing in the kHz
range above about 5 kHz. The site of conversion of RF energy
to acoustic energy is within or peripheral to the cochlea,
and once the cochlea is stimulated, the detection of RF
induced sounds in humans and RF induced auditory responses
in animals is similar to acoustic sound detection. The
fundamental frequency of RF induced sounds is independent of
the frequency of the radiowaves but dependent upon head
dimensions.
The auditory response has been shown to be dependent upon
the energy in a single pulse and not on average power
density. The weight of evidence of the results of human,
animal, and modeling studies supports the thermoelastic
expansion theory as the explanation for the RF hearing
phenomenon. RF induced sounds involve the perception via
bone conduction of thermally generated sound transients,
that is, audible sounds are produced by rapid thermal
expansion resulting from a calculated temperature rise of
only 5 x 10(-6) degrees C in tissue at the threshold level
due to absorption of the energy in the RF pulse.
The hearing of RF induced sounds at exposure levels many
orders of magnitude greater than the hearing threshold is
considered to be a biological effect without an accompanying
health effect. This conclusion is supported by a comparison
of pressure induced in the body by RF pulses to pressure
associated with hazardous acoustic energy and clinical
ultrasound procedures. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Sterling Heights, Michigan
Peoria, Arizona
South Africa
Belarus, Minsk
Estonia, Tallinn
Bhutan, Thimphu
Norman, Oklahoma
Palau, Koror
Orlando, Florida
Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, Al Ain, UAE
Try any
Q-Link or
cell chip
for 3 months, absolutely
RISK-FREE If you do not feel Q-Link improves your
focus, energy, or well-being, simply return it for a full
refund.
Airtube headsets have
30 a day refund.