The environment is an important parameter when evaluating
the exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields. This
study investigates numerically the variation on the
whole-body and peak spatially averaged-specific absorption
rate (SAR) in the heterogeneous virtual family male placed
in front of a base station antenna in a reflective
environment. The SAR values in a reflective environment are
also compared to the values obtained when no environment is
present (free space).
The virtual family male has been placed at four distances
(30 cm, 1 m, 3 m and 10 m) in front of six base station
antennas (operating at 300 MHz, 450 MHz, 900 MHz, 2.1 GHz,
3.5 GHz and 5.0 GHz, respectively) and in three reflective
environments (a perfectly conducting wall, a perfectly
conducting ground and a perfectly conducting ground + wall).
A total of 72 configurations are examined. The absorption in
the heterogeneous body model is determined using the 3D
electromagnetic (EM) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD)
solver Semcad-X. For the larger simulations, requirements in
terms of computer resources are reduced by using a
generalized Huygens' box approach. It has been observed that
the ratio of the SAR in the virtual family male in a
reflective environment and the SAR in the virtual family
male in the free-space environment ranged from −8.7 dB up to
8.0 dB. A worst-case reflective environment could not be
determined. ICNIRP reference levels not always showed to be
compliant with the basic restrictions.
Malta, Valletta,
Nedlands, Victoria,
City of Greater Taree Australia
Myanmar, Rangoon,
Mongolia, Ulan Bator,
Sydney Australia
Parramatta Australia
Fontana California USA
Laos Vientiane
Hobart Burnie, Tasmania
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