Cell Phone Radiation
Activates Your Brain, But Does It Cause Cancer?
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Ransom Stephens
The Journal of the American Medical Association reported an
National Institute of Health study of 47 healthy recruits
injected with a glucose solution and then exposed for 50 min
to radiation from a cell phone. The side of the head the
phone was held against was switched randomly. Positron
Emission Tomography (PET) scans demonstrated increased
glucose metabolism on the side of the brain closest to the
cell phone indicating that exposure to cell phone radiation
“activates the brain,” though “Whole-brain metabolism did
not differ between on and off conditions.” The results, at
least in terms of any effect on brain health are
inconclusive.
The key to gleaning results in scientific research
frequently rests on the “control test.” The control test in
this study was observation of brain response near a phone
that was turned off. Clearly, the activation is related to
the microwave radiation from the cell phone. But it’s well
understood that cell phone microwave and radio frequency
radiation can heat things up. Another useful control test
would be to place a heating pad or a warm brick near the
head and see if the activation differs. There is no report
of such a control test being performed with a PET scan.
The real issue is whether or not cell phone radiation can
cause cancer. Different types of radiation have widely
varying health effects. Alpha radiation, beta decay, gamma
radiation, x-rays are all known to cause cancer. The
mechanism is very clear: charged particles or photons of
sufficient energy shred cellular tissue by kicking electrons
out of molecules. When electrons are knocked off of DNA
strands, the DNA mutates. Mutating DNA programs cells to
create cancer cells. The cancer cells then replicate and the
result is a tumor.
Cell phone radiation does not have sufficient energy to kick
electrons off of molecules and ionize them. We have to be
careful here because, as Einstein discovered in 1905, the
relevant energy is that for each piece (quanta or photon) of
cell phone radiation – not the total energy of all the
radiation. The total can heat things up, but can’t ionize.
In other words, the microwave radiation of cell phones
cannot directly cause cancer. So can it cause cancer
indirectly?
While cell phone radiation cannot ionize cells, it can cause
molecular bonds to vibrate or rotate, depending on the
strength of the bond. Macroscopically it is the same effect
as a heating pad, but not microscopically. Microscopically,
the radiation from the cell phone is absorbed in molecular
bonds. If the radiation frequency coincides with a resonant
frequency in a DNA strand then it’s not a huge jump from
ionization to believe that bad things could happen. Resonant
phenomena cause things to go a little crazy. If you push a
child on a swing at just any old frequency, nothing happens,
but if you push at the swing’s resonant frequency – which is
what you naturally do – then the child gets higher and
higher with each oscillation. Same for a weight on a string.
Or a tuning fork and a guitar string. When they are in
resonance they “sing together.”
So, could resonance phenomena be an indirect path for cell
phone radiation to harm cells?
It doesn’t seem likely because of the way that cell phone
technology encodes signals. None of the prevalent
technologies sit at a given frequency for longer than
microseconds. Both CDMA and GSM technologies constantly move
from one frequency to another. It’s a clever technique
introduced to mitigate interference. It also mitigates the
possibility of resonant phenomena even indirectly damaging
biological tissue.
If not through direct ionization or some indirect resonant
phenomena, then how else could cell phone radiation cause
cancer?
The only other mechanism is by direct heating which takes us
back to the issue of the control test: does a cell phone
have a different effect on metabolism than a heating pad?
Heating tissue increases circulation which increases
metabolism which "activates the brain."
Cell phone radiation emits far less heating energy than a
heating pad. A heating pad control test might indicate a
different pattern of brain activation than that from cell
phones. Heating pad radiation is primarily infrared which is
higher in frequency than cell phone radiation; it’s actually
closer in frequency to the nasty stuff that can cause cancer
by ionization (though still far enough away that we needn't
worry about it). The frequency spectrum of heating pad
radiation, however, is spread over a larger frequency band,
is more random in both frequency and direction, and is less
able to penetrate tissue below the skin than the microwave
radiation of a cell phone signal. The health effect of
heating is well known and is the very reason that the total
energy emitted by cell phones regulated. The next issue,
then, is whether the penetrating microwaves, however low in
energy, heat tissue in a way that differs from that of
common sources that are clearly safe and sometimes
beneficial.
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